A federal appeals court appeared highly
skeptical Wednesday that a monkey had standing to sue for copyright protection.
During
a hearing, a three-judge panel of the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals
considered a lawsuit by an Indonesian macaque named Naruto. The animal
allegedly grabbed a photographer's camera in 2011 and snapped a self-portrait.
Photographer
David Slater included the photo in a book. An animal rights group sued on
behalf of Naruto, contending the photographer infringed on the monkey’s rights.
“It
is absurd to say a monkey can sue for copyright infringement,” Angela Dunning,
an attorney for the photographer, told the court during a hearing in San
Francisco. “Naruto can’t benefit financially from his work. He is a monkey.”
It
is absurd to say a monkey can sue for copyright infringement.... He is a monkey
A
federal district judge in San Francisco decided last year that Naruto lacked
standing to sue. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, an animal rights
group representing Naruto, appealed.
Dunning
told the 9th Circuit that PETA filed the case simply to promote its campaign to
give animals more rights. The group was “not even sure they have the right
monkey,” she said.
Judge
Carlos T. Bea asked why the case should not be dismissed.
Can
you point to a U.S. Supreme Court holding that says “man and monkey are the
same?” Bea asked David Schwarz, a PETA lawyer.
Judge
N. Randy Smith wanted to know what injury Naruto had suffered.
There
was no loss to the animal’s reputation or evidence that a copyright would have
benefited Naruto financially, Smith noted.
“I
want to know what then is the injury,” Smith insisted.
Schwarz
said the injury was the copyright infringement.
Smith,
unconvinced, then asked whether the federal copyright act “authorized animals
as well as people to sue.”
After
Schwarz struggled to convince the court that Naruto had a case, a lawyer for
the photographer tried to change the subject to money.
Andrew
J. Dhuey, representing Slater, said PETA should be required to pay the
photographer’s legal fees to defend himself.
“Monkey
see, monkey sue will not do in federal court,” Dhuey said.
The
9th Circuit could rule at any time.
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